Penguins spend a lot of time dealing with problems surrounding temperature. They are warm blooded, just like people with a normal body temperature of about 100 degrees F.
So how do they stay warm in the cold places they live and in the icy cold waters?
Just like whales, penguins have a layer of fat under their skin called "blubber". Overtop of this they are covered with fluffy "down" feathers and overtop of those they have their outer feathers, which overlap to seal in warmth. Penguins rub oil from a gland onto their feathers to help make them waterproof and windproof.
Even so, penguins often need help to stay warm. In photos and video, you'll often see groups of penguins huddled shoulder to shoulder with their wings tight against their body keeping each other warm. As many as 5,000 penguins will bunch together to warm each other up.
Some penguins, however, have the opposite problem. The Galapagos penguins live in such tropical weather that they get too hot. These penguins spread out their wings and fluff out their feathers to help them cool off.
